The Effect of Caffeine on Water Re-absorption in Kidney Lab Report

The Effect of Caffeine on Water Re-absorption in Kidney - Lab Report Example "ADH acts on the kidneys, concentrating the urine by promoting the re-absorption of water from the cortical collecting duct. Peptide hormones are a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals. ..." (Anti diuretic hormone, 8 October 2008). The activation process of ADH is done by water receptors and these water receptors are located in extracellular fluid as well as intracellular fluid. It is very important to maintain water homeostasis and this is done by controlling two things namely, the osomolality and the intravascular blood volume. In the body of a human being water is lost by various activities such as breathing, which contributes the maximum in loss of water in a human body other activities include sweating, urination etc. "While several of these processes occur autonomic in healthy individuals, body water homeostasis is tightly controlled by regulating both water intake (drinking) and urinary water excretion. Changes in intravascular blood volume are sensed by vascular volume- and baroreceptors, which regulate the release of the anti diuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP)." (Physiology, 8 October 2008) Caffeine is a diuretic; a diuretic is a drug which elevat... Re-absorption of water increases blood volume and concentrates the urine." (ADH, 8 October 2008). As discussed earlier in the paper that hypothalamus maintains a balance in the body and this is exactly where hypothalamus comes into effect, when hypothalamus detects a decrease in water level in blood, ADH is secreted, and the same is secreted by the posterior pituitary. ADH mainly targets the kidneys because the ultimate role of kidneys is to make sure that there is a good balance of the fluids in the body. The main function of ADH is to concentrate the urine and make sure that there is less of amount of water loss which is taking place in the body, it reduces the urine volume and prevents water loss from the body. Caffeine is responsible for reducing the vasopressin secretion, "Vasopressin is secreted from the posterior pituitary gland in response to reductions in plasma volume and in response to increases in the plasma osomolality" (Vasopressin, 8 October 2008). When caffeine is in took, it results in the reduction of vasopressin secretion, which ultimately means that the water re absorption gets reduced in the body and the output of urine becomes very frequent. The same can be understood with the help of an example, if we consume more coffee which has high levels of caffeine in it, we tend to become restless and the anxiety level in our body tend s to rise to an alarmingly high level, all this happens because of the presence of caffeine in coffee, the ultimate result of consuming more coffee will be dehydration because of the levels of caffeine present in the same. Caffeine causes the body to lose excessive amount of water and if coffee is consumed excessively, dehydration becomes inevitable. It is very easy to

KIPP National Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

KIPP National - Case Study Example The founders have the drive and passion to give children of lower income families the skills to make it through college. This passion and skill has shown success. From the very beginning the founders worked for months trying to establish the right to operate as a school. This took months of waiting from the district to approve the original proposal made by the founders. Once approval was accepted the founders were able to begin recruiting students and convincing parents that their new school would greatly help their child academically. Over the next months the founders were able to recruit enough students to get the KIPP School started. The founders had many promises to live up to and this helped guide the success as they did not want to let parents and their children down. Having enrollment grow each school year proved that what the founders created a school that was turning out to be successful. Students were excelling at a terrific rate and the option for expansion was taken witho ut hesitation. Scores were improving and the students showed the willingness to want to succeed. The growth to New York showed that KIPP Schools were not holding back and were focused on helping kids who otherwise would not have a chance in a normal school environment. There are many elements in the KIPP operational model that set KIPP apart from other schools. ... Structure and not allowing any slack in commitment makes for KIPP’s successful operational model and sets them apart from the rest. 2) Should the KIPP schools be replicated? Can they be? What are the major challenges KIPP will face as it expands? The KIPP schools are mainly successful because of the hard work and determination put forth by the two original founders. The two original founders make sure that teachers, parents and students are focusing and functioning how they originally promised. Replicating this type of structure and discipline would be hard to replicate. The schools would be hard to replicate because the two founders would need to make sure they have teachers that are willing to give their all like the founders have. Many examples throughout the case refer to why it was important for the founders to lead the schools in the direction they are going in. Expansion can be done but it is likely that expansion will take away from the success that the two original sc hools already have. Expanding is one thing and can be achieved by funding and hard work. Expanding and being successful is another issue. One can expand but what is the point if the expansion is not going to be successful. By reviewing the case it is obvious that success was determined on the founder’s hard work. Two people alone cannot be at several locations at once to make sure teachers are acting how they need to be and students are living up to their agreements. If the founders are out taking on several new ventures the two original schools will lose leadership by the founders and can slowly become unsuccessful unless proper leadership is put in place. It is obvious that